LanaLi | Дата: Понедельник, 09.01.2012, 15:56 | Сообщение # 1 |
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| Asia The yurt, also known as the "ger," is the shelter of the Mongolian nomads in Mongolia. Mongolia is in the continent of Asia. It is made out of a wood frame and wool covering. These things are very easy to find and make, so the nomads don't have to search hard. The yurt is very easy to take apart and carry around in pieces. It is quite light to carry for horses and other pack animals like camels. This is good for the Mongolian nomads because they are always moving, so they can take their shelters with them. North America The modern house is found everywhere in the world. It was invented in Europe, and then brought over to America. Many people now live in the modern house, and it is designed to be comfortable in almost every location. The house is made out of many materials, but the basic ones are steel, glass, and concrete. This makes the house very strong and able to stand against bad storms. The layout of the house is good for many families because there are many rooms for each person to live in and gather together. The tipi was the home of many Native American tribes who lived in Central North America. This is the middle section of the continent. Sometimes only one family lived in a tipi, and sometimes two or three families would live together in one tipi. The tipi is made of long wooden poles and animal skin, but you can also use cloth instead of animal skin. It was very easy and quick to build a tipi and take it down. There is a hole at the top so that smoke can escape, like a chimney. The Native American tribes who lived in tipis were nomads, which means that they moved a lot. They hunted buffalo, and had to follow wherever the animals went. That means that having a shelter they could build and take down easily was very useful. The wigwam is a Native American tribal shelter. It can be found in North America, and even here in Massachusetts! It is made out of wooden poles or thin trees tied together in a dome shape, and a skin or reed covering. One or two families can live in one wigwam. It is harder to make than a tipi, and harder to take down. It uses smaller trees that are more available to the tribes that lived in wigwams. The Native Americans who lived in wigwams would live all together in a village during the summer to farm. In the winter, they would move by themselves to go look for animals to hunt for food. This meant that they only had to rebuild their wigwams twice a year, not like the nomad Native Americans who lived in tipis. The igloo is found in North America, in Alaska and Canada. The Inuit Eskimos live in the igloo. It is made out of cut blocks of very hard snow, which is very easy to find in Alaska and Canada because it is so cold there. The blocks of snow are stacked together to make a dome shape. It is very warm inside an igloo because the snow blocks don't let any wind inside. It also traps heat inside so it is warmer. The Eskimos can build one anywhere that there is the snow to make it, so if a snow storm comes and they are caught outside, they can build an igloo to stay warm. They only build igloos to live in when they are out hunting and cannot go back home yet. South America The sod house is the shelter of the Chipaya people who live in Bolivia, South America. It is made out of sod. Sod is very tightly packed dirt that still has roots of plants still in it so that the dirt stays together. It is easier to find sod in South America than it is to buy materials to make a different house. The round shape of the sod house also is a very good shelter against wind, which is very strong in South America. Europe The cave homes are traditional shelters in Gaudix, Spain, and Spanish people live in it. It is made out of rock, concrete, and other minor materials. The way it is built is like this: a cave is carved out of the hills, and then a wall is built to cover the cave entrance. There is also a chimney sticking out of the cave, so that fresh air can go inside. The thick cave walls make the shelter cool during Spain's hot weather. This type of shelter is very convenient because there are a lot of hills and places where caves can be dug. This means that the Spanish people do not have to build a house on bumpy ground but make use of what is already there. Africa The mud hut is the shelter that many African people live in. It is built in Africa. It is made out of dried mud bricks, and sometimes has a straw roof. The mud bricks are thick and help to keep the shelter cool for people. Africa is a very hot continent so it is important to have a shelter that keeps you out of the sun. The mud bricks are also very cheap to make. http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101sp09/tshulin/
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